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# A Lisp Based HTML Parser

This is a preliminary document which will be updated over time. Upates will be available for downloading.

Introduction and a simple example
LHTML parse output format
Case mode notes
Parsing HTML comments
Parsing <SCRIPT> and <STYLE> tags
Parsing SGML <! tags
Parsing Illegal and Deprecated Tags
Default Attribute Values
Parsing Interleaved Character Formatting Tags
parse-html reference
methods
phtml-internal

### Introduction and a simple example

The parse-html generic function processes HTML input, returning a list of HTML tags, attributes, and text.

The :phtml module is loaded with the form (require :phtml). Symbols naming functionality in the module are in the net.html.parser package. Examples in this document assume (use-package :net.html.parser) has been evaluated.

Here is a simple example (we have added carriage returns in the string for readability):

    (pprint (parse-html "<HTML>
                 <HEAD>
                 <TITLE>Example HTML input</TITLE>
                 <BODY>
                 <P>Here is some text with a <B>bold</B> word <br>and a
                    <A HREF=\"help.html\">link</A></P>
                 </HTML>"))

generates:

    ((:html (:head (:title "Example HTML input"))
      (:body (:p "Here is some text with a " (:b "bold") "word" :br "and a
                "  ((:a :href "help.html") "link")))))

The output format is known as LHTML (Lisp HTML) format; it is the same format that the aserve htmlgen macro accepts. As the example shows, it is a nested collection of lists where the first element of each list is a keyword associated with an HTML marker, or a list whose first element is a keyword associated with an HTML marker and the other elements are attribute names and values. (The link is an example where the first element is a list.)

### LHTML parse output format

LHTML is a list representation of HTML tags and content.

Each list member may be:

1. a string containing text content, such as "Here is some text with a "
2. a keyword package symbol representing a HTML tag with no associated attributes or content, such as :br.
3. a list representing an HTML tag with associated attributes and/or content, such as (:b "bold") or ((:a :href "help.html") "link").

More on the list (# 3) member: if the HTML tag does not have associated attributes, then the first list member will be a keyword package symbol representing the HTML tag, and the other elements will represent the content, which can be a string (text content), a keyword package symbol (HTML tag with no attributes or content), or list (nested HTML tag with associated attributes and/or content). If there are associated attributes, then the first list member will be a list containing a keyword package symbol followed by two list members for each associated attribute; the first member is a keyword package symbol representing the attribute, and the next member is a string corresponding to the attribute value.

### Case Mode and LHTML

If `excl:*current-case-mode*` is `:CASE-INSENSITIVE-UPPER`, keyword package symbols will be in upper case; otherwise, they will be in lower case.

### HTML Comments

HTML comments are represented with a `:comment` symbol. For example,

    (parse-html "<!-- this is a comment-->")

    --> ((:comment " this is a comment"))

### HTML <SCRIPT> and <STYLE> tags

All <SCRIPT> and <STYLE> content is not parsed; it is returned as text content.

For example,

    (parse-html "<SCRIPT>this <B>will not</B> be parsed</SCRIPT>")

    --> ((:script "this <B>will not</B> be parsed"))

### XML and SGML <! tags

Since, some HTML pages contain special XML/SGML tags, non-comment tags starting with '<!' are treated specially:

    (parse-html "<!doctype this is some text>")

    --> ((:!doctype " this is some text"))

### Illegal and Deprecated HTML

There is plenty of illegal and deprecated HTML on the web that popular browsers nonetheless successfully display. The parse-html parser is generous - it will not raise an error condition upon encountering most input. In particular, it does not maintain a list of legal HTML tags and will successfully parse nonsense input.

For example,

    (parse-html "<this> <is> <some> <nonsense> <input>")

    --> ((:this (:is (:some (:nonsense :input)))))

In some situations, you may prefer a two-pass parse that results in a parse where deep nesting related to unrecognized tags is minimized:

    (let ((string "<this> <is> <some> <nonsense> </some> <input>"))
            (multiple-value-bind (res rogues)
              (parse-html string :collect-rogue-tags t)
                (declare (ignorable res))
                (parse-html string :no-body-tags rogues)))

    --> (:this :is (:some (:nonsense)) :input)

See the descriptions of the collect-rogue-tags and no-body-tags keyword arguments to parse-html descriptions in the reference section below for more information.

### Default Attribute values

As per the HTML 4.0 specification, attributes without specified values are given a lower case string value that matches the attribute name.

For example,

    (parse-html "<P here ARE some attributes>")

    --> (((:p :here "here" :are "are" :some "some" :attributes "attributes")))

### Interleaved Character Formatting Tags

Existing HTML pages often have character format tags that are interleaved among other tags. Such interleaving is removed in a manner consistent with the HTML 4.0 specification.

For example,

    (parse-html "<P>Here is <B>bold text<P>that spans</B>two paragraphs")

    --> ((:p "Here is " (:b "bold text")) (:p (:b "that spans") "two paragraphs"))

### parse-html Reference

#### parse-html [Generic function]

> Arguments: input-source &key callbacks callback-only collect-rogue-tags no-body-tags eliminate-blank-strings parse-entities

Returns LHTML output, as described above in this document.

- The callbacks argument, if non-nil, should be an association list. Each list member's car (first) element specifies a keyword package symbol, and each list member's cdr (rest) element specifies a function object or a symbol naming a function. The function should expect one argument. The function will be invoked once for each time the HTML tag corresponding to the specified keyword package symbol is encountered in the HTML input; the argument will be an LHTML list containing the tag, along with associated attributes and content. The default callbacks argument value is nil.
- The callback-only argument, if non-nil, directs parse-html to not generate a complete LHTML output. Instead, LHTML lists will only be generated when necessary as arguments for functions specified in the callbacks association list. This results in faster parser execution. The default callback-only argument value is nil.
- The collect-rogue-tags argument, if non-nil, directs parse-html to return an additional value, a list containing any unrecognized tags closed by the end of input.
- The no-body-tags argument, if non-nil, should be a list containing unknown tags that, if encountered, will be treated as a tag with no body or content, and thus, no associated end tag. Typically, the argument is a list or modified list resulting from an earlier parse-html execution with the collect-rogue-tags argument specified as non-nil.
- The eliminate-blank-strings argument, if true, causes blank strings to be deleted.
- If parse-entities is true, entities are converted to the characters they represent.

parse-html Methods

Methods specializing on the required argument are defined for `stream` (reads output from the stream) and `string` (parses the argument string).

>     parse-html (p stream) &key callbacks callback-only collect-rogue-tags no-body-tags

>     parse-html (str string) &key callbacks callback-only collect-rogue-tags no-body-tags

>     parse-html (file t) &key callbacks callback-only collect-rogue-tags no-body-tags

> The t method assumes the argument is a pathname suitable for use with the with-open-file macro.

phtml-internal [Function]

> Arguments: stream read-sequence-func callback-only callbacks collect-rogue-tags no-body-tags

> This function may be used when more control is needed for supplying the HTML input. The read-sequence-func argument, if non-nil, should be a function object or a symbol naming a function. When phtml-internal requires another buffer of HTML input, it will invoke the read-sequence-func function with two arguments - the first argument is an internal buffer character array and the second argument is the phtml-internal stream argument. If read-sequence-fun is nil, phtml-internal will invoke read-sequence to fill the buffer. The read-sequence-func function must return the number of character array elements successfully stored in the buffer.

Copyright (c) Franz Inc. Lafayette, CA. All rights reserved.

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