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| ANSI Common Lisp 14 Conses 14.1 Cons Concepts ### 14.1.2 Conses as Lists A list is a chain of conses in which the car of each cons is an element of the list, and the cdr of each cons is either the next link in the chain or a terminating atom. A proper list is a list terminated by the empty list. The empty list is a proper list, but is not a cons. An improper list is a list that is not a proper list; that is, it is a circular list or a dotted list. A dotted list is a list that has a terminating atom that is not the empty list. A non-nil atom by itself is not considered to be a list of any kind - not even a dotted list. A circular list is a chain of conses that has no termination because some cons in the chain is the cdr of a later cons.
Some defined names relating to lists.
append | last | nbutlast | rest
butlast | ldiff | nconc | revappend
copy-alist | list | ninth | second
copy-list | list* | nreconc | seventh
eighth | list-length | nth | sixth
endp | make-list | nthcdr | tailp
fifth | member | pop | tenth
first | member-if | push | third
fourth | member-if-not | pushnew |
14.1.2.1 Lists as Association Lists 14.1.2.2 Lists as Sets 14.1.2.3 General Restrictions on Parameters that must be Lists

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