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| ANSI Common Lisp 14 Conses 14.1 Cons Concepts ### 14.1.1 Conses as Trees A tree is a binary recursive data structure made up of conses and atoms: the conses are themselves also trees (sometimes called "subtrees" or "branches"), and the atoms are terminal nodes (sometimes called leaves). Typically, the leaves represent data while the branches establish some relationship among that data.
Some defined names relating to trees.
caaaar | caddar | cdar | nsubst
caaadr | cadddr | cddaar | nsubst-if
caaar | caddr | cddadr | nsubst-if-not
caadar | cadr | cddar | nthcdr
caaddr | cdaaar | cdddar | sublis
caadr | cdaadr | cddddr | subst
caar | cdaar | cdddr | subst-if
cadaar | cdadar | cddr | subst-if-not
cadadr | cdaddr | copy-tree | tree-equal
cadar | cdadr | nsublis |
14.1.1.1 General Restrictions on Parameters that must be Trees

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